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G8MNY > TECH 10.05.25 07:43z 142 Lines 6846 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
BID : 32292_GB7CIP
Read: GUEST
Subj: Lafayete 57 Range Multimeter
Path: HB9ON<IW0QNL<JH4XSY<N3HYM<VE3CGR<VK2RZ<GB7CIP
Sent: 250510/0734Z @:GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EURO #:32292 [Caterham Surrey GBR]
From: G8MNY@GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EURO
To : TECH@WW
By G8MNY (Corrections Jan 16)
(8 Bit ASCII graphics use code page 437 or 850, Terminal Font)
Model 99-5076
旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�
납~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~납 DC Volts 0.25 2.5 10 50 250 1000 @ 25K/V
납 납 0.125 1.25 5 25 125 500 @ 50K/V
납旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴엿�
납납~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~납납 DC Amps 50uA 5mA 50mA 500mA 10A @ Normal
납납 납납 25uA 2,5mA 25mA 240mA 5A @ 2x
냔뎨 . 냔뎨
잎납 '. 납잎 AC Volts 3 10 50 250 1000 @ 2.5K/V
悶납 '. . 납悶 1.5 5 25 125 500 @ 5K/V
납납 '. :'\': 납납
냔뎨 '. '�.�' 냔뎨 10x dB scales & DC isolated AC.
납냅컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸납�
잎냐컴컴컴컴� 旼컴컴컴컴냅� Ohms 첛SD 13R 65R 650R 6K5 65K
� o- +o � (|) � o o �
� � � � Accurancy DC 2%, AC 3%
� [� ]rev �_________� �[ �] �
읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�
MULTI METER PRINCIPLES
DC VOLTS 1000 100 10 1 Volts
To get a meter of just one �10M컫�1M컫100K쩡컴11K1컴컴>+
sensitivity to do many o o o o
ranges voltage multiplier /�\
resistors are used. Here +�
the voltage drop across /~~~\
the meter is ignored, but 쿘eter�
it will affect the lowest 90uA\___/
1V scale. 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�>-
Series resistors are used
to protect the switch more Sensitivity is 11K1/V
from high voltages.
DC CURRENT 100uA 1mA 10mA 100mA
For current ranges shunts +旼컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴컴컴컴�>+
are put across the meter. /~~~\ \�/
Here the meter resistance 쿘eter� o o o o
is 100R so it has 10mV drop 100uA\___/ � � �
@ 100uA. The 1mA shunt here 10mV � 11R 1R 0R1
is corrected for the 100R 읕컴컴컴컴좔컴컨컴컴좔�>-
meter load.
AC VOLTS
For AC a rectifier diode is
used, & normally this alters 1000 100 10 Volts
the sensitivity, so a different �4M5쩡450K쩡컴�45K컴컴>~
multiplier arm the DC is used. o o o
In this circuit only half the /�\
current goes through the meter +旼컴�<쳐캑
& the 1.1 AC sine wave form /~~~\ D1 _�_D2
factor means that 2.2x meter 쿘eter� /_\
current must flow. Only a 100uA\___/ �100uA
100mV is lost in the germanium 읕컴컴컴컨컴컴컴컴컴컴�>~
diode D1, so the low voltage
range can take this into account
on the scale. D2 can be any type Sensitivity is 4K5/V.
& protects the low voltage D1.
OHMS
Here a voltage source is put
in series with the meter & a
known resistance that set the
half scale resistance & includes (actually -ve!)
the meter load resistance. 旼횮al Zero R컴쩡컴컴컴>+
The higher the battery +� \�/
voltage the higher resistance /~~~\ o o o o
that can be measured, but 쿘eter� �10�100�1K�10K�
becomes a danger for 100uA\___/ �
sensitive electronics. � � �+
The Cal zero R sets the meter 읕컴컴좔컴콕쳐컴컴컴컴�>-
sensitive to give full scale � (actually +ve!)
ZERO reading on shorting the
probes depending the battery state.
Note that the battery internal resistance is added to the unknown resistance,
& this affects the low range scale calibration! Also the probe polarity is
reversed to that indicated & it is different than for digital meters!
ACTUAL MULTIMETER CIRCUIT
旼===========================================================================
� I
넬========================= =============== ================ =========== =�
\/ 읕20K컴80K커 � � �
/\ /�\ � � 쿎om + 10A O/P�
냅컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � � o o o o �
� ____ 旼� � 旼컴컫컴컴컴컴컴컴�)컴컴컴컨컴쩡�)컴컴�)컴� 퀅1� � �
� /15uA\ � ICal � � 13 � Low � 13K 旼)컴)컴졍�)컴� �
� 渼 Meter척 쳐컴컴컴)�)커 � 46K �4K7쨈<척 � � � � � �
� � \____/ �12K5 � � � � � oNor� 3K3 � � � �0R025� �
� � � � o o � � 넬> � � � � � � �
� 쳐캑>쳐컴� 픬Nor �> X <� � 납 o� � 5kHi� � � � �
� 쳐�<쳐컴캑 <컴캑 o o � 납 �4K7졍>쳅컴� � � 0R475 �
� 쳐훆Cal컴� �oVA/2쿝ev Nor � 납 Low � � � �
� 읕컴컴컴컴컨�6K25� �)컴컴컴컴컴컴�))컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 읕컴컴컴�)� �
� 납 납 � 旼컴컴컴켸� �
읕�56K25�197K5�1M�5M�18M75엿�47�650�6K54왯눴�1M87헜5헜1�17K5� �4R53�45R3�24K9�
o o o o o o쿽 o o o쿽쿽 o o o o� o o o o
� I � � �
=========================�=============� �================쳐================
I �
===============�____넵넵________�
+넹넹
0.25 2.5 10 50 250 1k R/5 R 10 100 1k 1k 250 50 10 3 500 50 5 50u
\________DC_VOLTS_________/ \_____OHMS____/ \___AC_VOLTS___/ \____DC_mA____/
& dB Scales
The configuration switching between modes & all the ranges is all done on just
1 large rotary switch with 3 bridging contacts (I) & 5 wipers of 2 circuits.
Only 4 probe sockets are used, 2 extra for the high current (10A) & the DC
isolated AC measurement.
Extra switches provide a meter reverse feature & a double sensitivity that
doubles the number of meter ranges. (has no meaning on ohms!)
This meter's movement is a extremely sensitive @ 15uA for FSD, but not very
accurate, so it is calibrated with an ICal & VCal presets at manufacture.
The AC ranges are calibrated with select on test resistors 2x "4K7 Low" & the
"5K Hi" that accurately allows for the diode forward resistance loss & leakage.
Most of the resistors are special values made for the meter, & of course they
are very accurate & stable 0.5% types.
See my tech buls on "Meter Movement Types", "Maplin Mains Meter 2000MU-UK",
"Edgcume Peebles Megger & Low R", "Edgcume Peebles Earth Loop Z", "Car Dwell
Angle & RPM Meter", & "Kelvin Varley Voltage Divider".
Why don't U send an interesting bul?
73 De John, G8MNY @ GB7CIP
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